This panel includes:
Nuerofilament Light Chain (NfL)
Alzheimer's Disease Risk (APOE)
Phosphorylated Tau 217 (pTau-217)
Glial Fibrillary Acid Protein (GFAP)
You’re Not Imagining It. You Just Might Need Data.
If you’re noticing changes in your memory, focus, or thinking—or have a family history of Alzheimer’s, MS, or ALS—this test can help detect early signs of brain cell damage.
The Neurofilament Light Chain blood test (also known as the NfL test) measures a specific protein released when neurons are injured. Elevated levels can indicate neurodegeneration, even before symptoms become severe.
Alzheimer’s disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder affecting over 6.7 million Americans aged 65 and older and is the most common form of dementia. Symptoms typically include cognitive decline, memory loss, impaired problem-solving, and personality changes, with 95% of cases appearing after age 60–65. Risk for late-onset disease is influenced by age, sex, family history, education, head trauma, and cardiovascular factors, and about 15–20% of cases are familial.
The APOE gene, which encodes apolipoprotein E involved in lipid metabolism, is a known susceptibility gene. APOE has three main alleles—E2, E3, and E4. The E4 allele increases lifetime Alzheimer’s risk but is neither necessary nor sufficient for disease development, while E2 may offer some protection. A rare allele, E1 (E3r), currently has insufficient evidence linking it to Alzheimer’s disease.
This test measures the level of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in serum.
GFAP is a structural protein found primarily in astrocytes, a type of glial cell in the central nervous system. When these cells are injured or undergo degeneration, GFAP can be released into the bloodstream. Measuring serum GFAP provides a biomarker that may help assess neurological injury, astrocytic activation, or neurodegenerative processes. Elevated GFAP levels have been studied in conditions such as traumatic brain injury, stroke, multiple sclerosis, and certain neurodegenerative diseases, and may support clinical evaluation when interpreted alongside symptoms, imaging, and other diagnostic tests.
This test helps identify Alzheimer’s disease by measuring phosphorylated tau 217 (pTau-217), a blood marker strongly linked to amyloid buildup in the brain. It can also be used to monitor patients receiving new anti-amyloid treatments.
The cutoff for this test was determined using samples from patients whose amyloid levels were confirmed with PET scans. A pTau-217 level above 0.18 suggests the presence of beta-amyloid pathology, which supports the biological diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease. pTau-217 has also been used in clinical trials to track how patients respond to anti-amyloid therapies.
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Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) Panel
The fastest way to understand this test is by watching the two-minute video at the top of the page. It explains everything clearly—what the test is, why it matters, and how it works. Start there for the most straightforward overview.

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